What action is described by the word 'Vilify'?

The term 'vilify' refers to the act of disparaging or speaking very negatively about someone, often with the intention of damaging their reputation. This is reflected in choice C, as it specifically mentions "to disparage someone in speech or writing," which perfectly captures the essence of vilification.

Vilification can occur in various contexts, including personal disputes, media representations, and public discourse, where the person being vilified is often subjected to harsh criticism or defamatory statements. Understanding this term is crucial, especially in the context of law enforcement and social interactions, where public reputation can greatly influence perceptions and actions.

The other options do not align with the meaning of vilify. Making a formal record, charging someone with a crime, and supporting someone in need pertain to actions that do not involve disparagement or negative commentary. Therefore, recognizing vilification as a process of derogatory speech clarifies its significance in both legal and social frameworks.