What term describes a temporary failure of concentration, memory, or judgment?

The term that describes a temporary failure of concentration, memory, or judgment is "lapses." This term specifically refers to moments when an individual might temporarily lose focus or forget information, which can happen due to various factors, such as fatigue, stress, or distractions in the environment. Lapses are often short-lived and can impact decision-making or attention briefly, leading to mistakes or omissions.

While other terms like "disturbance," "distraction," and "disarray" pertain to interruptions or disorganization, they do not encapsulate the concept of a temporary lapse in cognitive function as effectively as "lapses." Disturbance generally implies a broader disruption to normal operations, distraction indicates something that diverts attention away from the task at hand, and disarray suggests a state of disorder rather than a specific cognitive failure. Lapses most accurately captures the sense of a fleeting inability to focus or recall, making it the correct choice in this context.